Signs a Person May Be Trafficked

A young woman with long hair looks despondent while sitting on the edge of her bed, head in hands

Human trafficking is often hidden in plain sight. Victims may not identify as trafficked, and their signs of distress can easily be overlooked. Whether it’s for labor or sex, traffickers use manipulation, threats, isolation, and violence to control their victims. Below are some signs that may help you recognize when someone may be in danger.

Behavioral Signs

  • Fearful or anxious demeanor: The person appears nervous, avoids eye contact, or seems unusually submissive.
  • Exhibits unusually fearful or anxious behavior after bringing up law enforcement
  • Inconsistent stories: Their explanation of their situation doesn’t add up, or seems scripted or rehearsed.
  • Limited communication: They may not speak for themselves and defer to someone else to answer questions.
  • Isolation: Rarely alone, always accompanied by someone who controls or monitors them.
  • Claims of “just visiting” and inability to clarify where they are staying/address
  • Lack of knowledge of whereabouts and/or do not know what city they are in
  • Loss of sense of time

Physical & Mental Health Signs

portrait of the back of a lovely brunette woman with a bar code tattoo on the nape of her neck
  • Shows signs of physical and/or sexual abuse, physical restraint, confinement, or torture.
  • Signs of exhaustion or malnourishment: Constant fatigue, untreated medical issues, or signs of neglect.
  • Branding or tattoos: Unusual tattoos with names, barcodes, or symbols that suggest ownership or control.
  • Untreated mental health: Depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, or fear of law enforcement and institutions.

Living Conditions Signs

  • Living where they work: Found in environments like restaurants, farms, nail salons, or construction sites.
  • Lack of personal possessions: Few belongings, no phone access, or someone else holds their documents.
  • Inability to leave freely: Not allowed to come and go at will or without permission.
  • Poor living conditions: Overcrowded, unsafe, or unsanitary environments, often hidden from public view.
  • Is not in control of their own money, no financial records, or bank account
  • Is not in control of their own identification documents (ID or passport)

Sex Trafficking Signs

  • Age: Any person under age 18 providing commercial sex is a victim of human trafficking, regardless of whether they’ve been physically forced or coerced.
  • Performing commercial sex work but forced to give someone else their earnings
  • Multiple hotel keys or frequent travel: Often moved between cities or states for commercial sex.
  • Excessive monitoring by a companion: Controlled movement or communication, especially online.
  • Sexualized behavior or clothing inappropriate for age: Particularly concerning in minors.
  • Social media or online recruitment: Connections with older individuals or unknown adults making inappropriate offers or promises.
  • Recruited under false pretense of legitimate job (modeling, dancing, etc.) but then coerced to perform sex work.

Labor Trafficking Signs

woman wearing a pink face mask working in a salon looks serious as she gives a manicure
  • Works excessively long and/or unusual hours
  • Is not allowed breaks or suffers under unusual restrictions at work
  • Was recruited through false promises concerning the nature and conditions of their work
  • High-risk industries: Agriculture, domestic work, hospitality, construction, food service, factories, or cleaning services.
  • Debt bondage: Told they owe money for travel, housing, or job placement and must work to pay it off.
  • No control over earnings: Wages are taken, or they’re paid in tips or in-kind (e.g., food or shelter only).
  • Threats of deportation or harm: Especially common among immigrants or those without legal status.
  • High security measures exist in the work and/or living locations (e.g., opaque windows, boarded up windows, bars on windows, barbed wire, security cameras, etc.)

How you can help